Museo Galileo is one of the leading international institutions in the History of Science, combining a well-known museum of scientific instruments and an institute dedicated to research, documentation, and dissemination of the history of science in the broadest senses. Founded in 1927, the Museum is heir to a five century-long tradition of scientific collecting, which originates from the primary importance assigned to scientists and scientific instruments by the Medici and Lorraine families. It also hosts the only surviving instruments made by Galileo Galilei. The Museum is equipped with a specialized library rich in antique and rare books, modern editions and digital resources, a multimedia department dedicated to the exploitation of the museum collections, as well as an iconographic archive and a restoration laboratory. Museo Galileo also hosts an advanced IT department that uses innovative methodologies and standards to improve access to its digital resources.